The Life of Abraham Lincoln Essays - 1155 Words

The Life of Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was born February 12, 1809, in Nolin Creek , Kentucky. His father was Thomas Lincoln from virginia born january 6, 1778,and Nancy Hanks born February 5, 1784, they were married June 12, 1806. He developed into a tall angular man had developed terrific stenghth he could hold an ax by the handle and raising his arm to horizontal hold the ax out straight. He was quick whited and liked to mimic often-imitating preachers and†¦show more content†¦Lincoln decided to take a turn to politics and in 1832 declared himself a candidate for the office of State Legislature. His platform was internal improvements, better educational facilities, and a law to limit interest rates. Governor John Reynolds called for volunteers for the state militia to fight Black Hawk, the war leader to the Sauks and Foxed, who were dissatisfied with the land allotted them (Black Hawk War of 1832). His job as a shopkeeper was coming to an end, he enlisted for thirty days, borrowed a horse and suppplied his own gun and ammunition. His company consisted mainly of friends. He was elected captain they became part of mounted brigade. After the enlistment was over most of his men left for home. Lincoln enlisted for twenty days additional service a a private in the mounted company of Elijah Iles. The command was largely made up of former colonels, captains, lieutenants, and Lieutenant Robert Anderson, later to command Fort Sumter. After his enlistment was expired, he chose to enlist again this time in a spy battalion. All told he was in the service for about eighty days was paid $125.00 and saw no fighting. Going home after the service, he started campaigning for the legislature in earnest. He would go out, talk and work along side the voters. His first major speech was improving the navigationShow MoreRelatedThe Life Of Abraham Lincoln754 Words   |  4 PagesValenzuela 1 Issac Valenzuela Mrs. Barr 7th Grade Literature May 24, 2016 The Life of Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was born and raised in a log cabin. He was born on February 12, 1809. His mother was a great Christian. She often told them stories from the Bible. One day, Lincoln’s mother died of poisoned milk when he was only nine. Abraham Lincoln was one of the tallest presidents in our history. He was six feet, four inches tall. When he was elected president, he started theRead MoreThe Life Of Abraham Lincoln1356 Words   |  6 PagesThe Life of Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln, Civil Rights Activist, U.S. Representative, U.S. President, and lawyer is regarded as one of America’s most successful presidents due to his incredible impact on the nation, and his views on slavery and civil rights. Abraham Lincoln, also referred to by Honest Abe, had one of the hardest jobs a president can have and that is being a war-time leader. Despite the odds, Lincoln persevered through his rough childhood and found his way into politics and laterRead MoreThe Life of Abraham Lincoln1452 Words   |  6 PagesAbraham Lincoln was born on February 12th , 1809. Lincoln was born in Hardin County, Kentucky in a single-room log cabin. Abraham Lincoln was named after his grandfather. His parents were Thomas and Nancy Hanks Lincoln. When Abraham Lincoln was young, they had to move to Perry County, Indiana where times were tough and they struggled to get by. When Lincoln was nine years old, his mother died at age 34 from a milk sickness caused by drinking the milk of cows feeding on poisonousRead MoreLife and Leadership of Abraham Lincoln3614 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿Abraham Lincoln was born to Thomas and Nancy (nee Hanks) Lincoln in Sinking Spring Farm, Kentucky on February 12, 1809 in a cabin in the backwoods three miles south of Hodgenville (McPherson). His family lived meagerly with his clothes being fashioned from the skins of animals his fathers shot down. He helped his parents around the house weeding the garden, bringing in firewood and water, gathering wild grapes from the woods, and helping to sow seeds at planting time (Thomas, 2008). Years laterRead MoreThe Life And Presidency Of Abraham Lincoln1375 Words   |  6 Pagesacquire these traits through personal experience or through exemplary leadership. The life and presidency of Abraham Lincoln â€Å"demonstrated that he possessed all of the great leadership qualities.† (Phillips). Lincoln’s philosophies on interacting amongst troops, encouraging innovatio n, handling unjust criticism, and being a master of paradox are still applicable in modern day pharmacy practice. When Abraham Lincoln took his oath in becoming the next president the nation was facing what seemed as anRead MoreEssay about The Life of Abraham Lincoln861 Words   |  4 PagesThe Life of Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 to Thomas and Nancy Lincoln. He grew up in Hodgenville, Kentucky, and lived out in the wilderness. He was brought up doing chores, and had a special talent of using an axe at a young age. Upon attending an ABC school, Abraham Read MoreEssay about The Life of Abraham Lincoln2496 Words   |  10 PagesThe Life of Abraham Lincoln Although other states such as Indiana lay claim to his birth, most sources agree that Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, in a backwoods cabin in Hodgeville, Kentucky. In an interview during his campaign for the presidency in 1860 Lincoln described his adolescence as quot;the short and simple annals of the poor.quot; (p 30). His father Thomas was a farmer who married Nancy Hanks, his mother, in 1806. Lincoln had one sister, Sarah, who was born in 1807.TheRead MoreAbraham Lincoln: the Symbol of the Unlimited Possibilities of American Life1258 Words   |  6 PagesAbraham Lincoln - Symbol of the unlimited possibilities of American life commemorative speech http://www.speech-writers.com  © www.speech-writers.com CSABCAbraham Lincoln ?Symbol of The Unlimited Possibilities of american Life There are few men whose characters are so extraordinary that they can be credited with saving a nation. The 16th president of the United States, Abraham Lincoln was one such man. More than one hundred years after his assassination, ‘Honest Abe as heRead MoreAbraham Lincoln Once Said, â€Å"Life Is Always Going To Be1783 Words   |  8 PagesAbraham Lincoln once said, â€Å"Life is always going to be a bumpy road. Eventually you just learn how to drive on it† (Lincoln). Has an obstacle ever hindered you from attaining a certain goal? This obstacle may have been a physical obstacle or limitation, for instance, maybe you have experienced surgery or severe physical pains at one point or another in your life. Perhaps this obstacle is emotional stability or mental health as well. While you may be reading this essay this very second, an obstacleRead More Abraham Lincoln Essay1617 Words   |  7 Pages Abraham Lincoln Why I chose to research Abraham Lincoln’s life. Ever since I was a small boy in elementary school, and all throughout my grade school days, there were many great names that were spoken of and taught about. Names such as George Washington, (our first president) John Hancock, John Adams, and Mark Twain were among many others who contributed to the betterment of our great country, the United States of America. Yet there was one name that resounded in my classrooms, and in my ears

Professional Leadership Development Plan For Organizations...

Professional Leadership development plans in organizations have proved progression (Hughes, Ginnett, Curphy, 2015). Developing a leadership plan can be a good asset to any organization because of the speed of businesses increasing. Any time you seek to influence the thinking, behavior, or development of people in their personal or professional lives; you are taking on the role of a leader (Blanchard Hodges, 2008). Many organization lack in providing good leadership plan that caused employee retention, well- being and productivity. Developing a moral leadership program will produce an effective organization. According to Mat 20:25 – 27, Jesus called the disciples and said, You know that the rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them and their superiors act like tyrants over them. That s not the way it should be among you. Instead, whoever wants to be great among you must be your servant, and whoever wants to be first among you must be your slave. That s the way it is with th e Son of Man. He did not come to be served, but to serve and to give his life as a ransom for many people. Jesus led by example. He didn’t tell his followers to do something that he would not do. Leaders should exemplify this same behavior. According to Eisenbeiss, Knippenberg Fhrbach (2015), leaders with high integrity and strong moral values are expected to be very sensitive in recognizing and filtering the ethical aspects of a certain decision-making situation, to carefully process such

Nokia Vertu - Case Study Analysis Free Sample

Question: Prepare a case analysis for Vertu Nokias Luxury Mobile Phone for the Urban Rich? Answer: Introduction: This assignment helps to analyze the case study of Vertu. It is a brand of luxury phone manufactures that is operated by the Nokia. Vertu offers various types of luxury phones those have manufactured by utilizing luxury products, like diamonds, exotic leather and sapphires. It was founded officially in the year of 1998 in United Kingdom. During the time of its launch, it has sold many luxury phones in various countries of world (Vertu Official Site,2015). Therefore, this assignment conducts the SWOT analysis of this company. SWOT analysis on Vertu: Strengths Exclusive ranges of luxury phones, attractive series of Signature, Symbian etc Phone technology Microsoft Windows Cost advantage compared to other companies of luxury phones Rich people of U.K are the targeted customers of Vertu Associated with the brand name of Nokia which is a popular multinational company of phone and related equipments Weakness Limited to one specific market sector All systems are not user friendly Application of these phones have become outdated Phones are high priced High price but the features are not high like other smart phones Opportunities Promoting the brand within some untouched areas This company has started to enter into several new market sectors This company can manufacture products for low as well as medium price market Vertu should expand its marketing activities to various developing countries Threat Emergence of new technologies in mobile phones, like android phones, Apple smart phones are counted as immense threat for this luxury phone Level of increased competition Lack of better software in this luxury phones Lack of better gaming facilities and other updated applications Many companies are coming with extra as well as updated version of mobile and phone technology with extra ordinary and effective application Table 1: SWOT analysis of Nokia Vertu As stated by Schrempf (2011), Vertu has expanded its business area in many countries. However, the business activities of Vertu are still missing in the developing countries. It has operated its business activities within United Kingdom and other countries. The main focus of this type of phones is the rich people of the market. Therefore, it has operated its effective business within one specific sector of market. New technological evolution has become and various types of mobile phones, like apple, android and Smartphone has come to the market with effective and updated features. However, Vertu has to face immense competition as because the new technological advancement is lacking in this phone. On the other hand, Langbour (2011) criticized that, innovative capacity is missing in this company. This brand slowly accepts the new technological advancement. The software application needs to be updated. Case study analysis of Vertu: Vertu, the company that is operated by Nokia, has produced luxury mobile phones that are manufactured by utilizing many valuable materials, like silver, gold leather etc. Vertu has launched the first luxury phone ever in the market. Attractive craft of these phones are very popular feature of this phone. These phones are generally made from gold, ceramic, diamonds, sapphire, exotic hardwood etc (Vertu Official Site, 2015). This luxury phone manufacturing industry has the potential market of rich people of different countries. Major rich customers are located in Germany, United Kingdom, United States, Japan etc. On the other hand, Schrempf (2011) argued that the economy of the developing countries has been increased. Therefore, several companies like Gold Vish, Tag Heuer, and Christian Dior has entered within the market sector of luxury phones. Therefore, Vertu has suffered from lack of new technological advancement within the technology of the phone. Therefore, Doz and Kosonen (2011) stated that, the mother company Nokia has also faced several internal issues, like accountability, internal collaboration, leadership. The capacity of producing innovative luxury phones with high technological devices has been decreased. There are various new types of phones, like Android, Apple and other Smartphone has entered into the market segment of luxurious phones. This company also offers some value added services like, online facility, CNC facility etc. However, Vrontis and Thrassou (2013) stated that, Vertu is lacking from different innovative idea for producing this type of phone. Vertu needs to expand its business into the developing countries. This company also needs offer those luxury phones at a low cost and with high technological devices in order to attract the customers of all levels of market. Conclusion: This assignment has discussed some drawbacks of the company of luxury phone, Vertu. This company does not acquire new technology that will help to compete with the apple, smart phones and other android phones of the mobile market. However, this company has produced many attractive series of luxury phones. Reference list Books Vrontis, D. and Thrassou, A. (2013) Innovative Business Practices. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Journals Doz, Y. and Kosonen, M. (2011) Letter to the editor: Nokia and Strategic Agility: A Postscript. California Management Review, 53(4), pp.154-156 Langbour, N. (2011). Krief, Huguette : Entre terreur et vertu. Et la fiction se fit politique (17891800), 2010. Kritikon Litterarum, 38(3-4), pp.189-192 Schrempf, J. (2011). Nokia Siemens Networks: Just Doing Business or Supporting an Oppressive Regime?. Journal of Business Ethics, 103(1), pp.95-110 Websites Nokia, (2015) Nokia [online] Available at: https://company.nokia.com/ [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Vertu Official Site, (2015) Vertu Official Site [online] Available at: https://www.vertu.com/ [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]

Shed Geometry Essay Example

Shed Geometry Essay Shed Geometry Different Possible Shed Geometries. ?Elements Of Shed Geometry. ?Shed Geometry Classification:- Shed Symmetricity Shed Vibration Shed Staggering Shed Clearance ?Its Characteristics, Effect Applications. ?On a weaving loom, warp yarn are divided into two half to make up a shed.This division makes up a specific geometry of divided warp yarns, called Shed Geometry. ?Shed Geometry plays vital roll in controlling warp yarns, Tension Elongation and Friction between them. ?Resultantly this helps in controlling, Weft Density of Fabric Warp and weft yarn breakages and loom stoppages, hence machine efficiency And also help to control/avoid fabric faults produced due to these. Different Possible Shed Geometries: Elements Of Shed Geometry: ?Components that may part of the Shed Geometry of may contribute to it are: Frame Height Frame Depth Cloth Support (front rest) Height Back Rest (and Deflecting Roller) Height and Depth Virtual Shed Dividing Line Dropper Box adjustment and drop pers movement. Frame Height:- ?It is the distance between two reference points, one is fixed and is on looms stationary structure and other is on heald frame, as advised by the loom manufacturer. ?It is usually measured when all the frames at same level i. e. at machine leveling position. Frame Depth (Lever Height): ?It is distance between the a frames maximum height position to its lowest height position. ?As it is adjusted by fixing lever joint on shedding system lifting levers, sometimes also said as Lever height. Cloth Support (Front Rest): ?It is the most forward part of loom frame structure that is closest to the reed when it beats up and it is exactly beneath the cloth fell. It supports the fabric stay above as just filling is inserted into warp shed. ?Its height directly and most intensively effects the Shed Shape and Shed Geometry. ? Back Rest (Deflecting Roller): ?It is the rear most roller from where warp yarns start making the warp shed. ?It is most frequently used eleme nt of the shed geometry to control and divide the warp tension, hence the pick density of the fabric being produced. Virtual Shed Dividing Line: ?It is a line that divides the shed made at frames equally and is parallel to the machine horizontal. Types of Symmetric Sheds: Symmetric Shed: Characteristics: ?Whip roller height almost zero. ?Cloth support and whip roller are at same height with respect to each other. Application: ?For Very light fabric such as voile, gauze i. e. fabric design in which longer float of warp and weft with almost 50% warp and 50% weft is apparent on both sides of the fabric with low fabric cover factor. ?Yarns with little or no elongation. ?Very weak yarns. ?Handkerchief fabrics. Effects: ?The threads in the upper and bottom shed have roughly the same tension, therefore the adjustment is very kind to warp ends. Note: ?With this setting there is no rocking action, consequently the fabric can take fewer picks. ?It looks flatter and appears less closed. ?Accor dingly this adjustment should be used only if the machine runs better with it. Slightly Asymmetric Shed: Characteristics: ?Cloth support is at normal height, back rest is slight above the zero position. Application: ?May be employed as proven basic setting for all light to medium weight fabrics. Effect: ?With slightly asymmetric shed the bottom shed is tensioned more while the upper shed is slacker. ?A slight rocking effect results. ?The fabric can take more picks, it has more closed look and its handle and appearance are improved.Strongly Asymmetric Shed: Characteristics: ?Cloth support is raised quite above normal, back rest is raised to a very high position. Application: For very heavy fabrics with high warp densities, such as denim, sailcloth (such as cotton canvas), awning fabrics, etc. also poplins on account of appearance. Effect: Due to the extremely height adjustment of the cloth supporting plate and whip roller the bottom shed is very strong rocking action results from thi s. At the beat up of the read the weft thread are pushed over each other somewhat very high weft densities can be attained in this way. With this extremely slack upper shed, more attention must be take warp breakage. Reverse Asymmetric Shed: Characteristics: ?Cloth supporting plate is at normal position while back rest is below than normal zero position.Application: ?Jacquard fabric. ?Satin weave. ?Dobby Weave. Effect: With this adjustment the upper shed is tensioned and the bottom shed relieved. ?Since with one sided fabric the heavy lift is always woven at the top, a more even distribution of the tension force results between the two halves of the shed. ?Moreover jacquard harness and rubber return motions are treated better. Shed with Staggered Timing: Characteristics: ?With staggered timing the shed closure of the individual shaft pairs is displaced in time, to avoid all shafts crossing at the same time. Application: ?Staggered Timing is purposeful only where Very high warp densi ties are used. Hairy yarn that separate badly are being woven. Fixed Height (Clear) Shed: Characteristics: ?An ideal shed the ends of the upper and bottom sheds each form an ideal, closed sheet. ?A slight staggering in height may be observed in the bottom shed, that can be tolerated. Application: ?For filament yarn fabrics, such as linings. ?For lightweight fabrics whose ends part well. ?For non-elastic fabrics like glass-fiber. ?For polyethylene and polypropylene ribbons. ?For twills woven from staple fabric. Effects: This adjustment is inadvisable for dense warp sheet, poor parting warp ends. There are chance of end cut in case of projectile loom.

Romoe and Juliets death essays

Romoe and Juliets death essays Who was responsible for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet? The responsibility of the deaths of Romeo and Juliet lie on the conscience of many of the citizens of Verona. The blame does not only belong to the people baring the name Capulet or Montague. All those who were involved, connected and event those who did not try and stop the constant violence in fair Verona are responsible for their The everyday citizens of Verona are partly responsible for the tragic suicides of Romeo and Juliet.When ciil blood makes civil hands unclean? , where everyone is guilty for the bloodshed?. It is said that silence against a wrong is as good as supporting the action in the case of Verona this is true. Even those who did not kill or injure have to take responsibility, their inability to speak up against the continuous fighting was as good as condoning it. This added more fuel to the feud, which inevitably contributed to the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. The parents have to take responsibility for the deaths of their children. The feud between the two wealthiest and most respected families, The Montagues and The Capulets caused peril in Verona and also the lives of Romeo and Juliet. Especially with the Capulets arranged marriage of their daughter Juliet to Paris. Their feud forbid Romeo and Juliet's love. Not knowingly by denying their children's love they Tybalt, Mercutio and their men are blamable for the death of Romeo and Juliet. These men were ringleaders, they encouraged violence which made Verona a tense and uncontrollable place, even the Prince of Verona had no control. It was the killings of Tybalt and Mercutio which sadly brought about Romeo and Juliet's dilemmas. Responsibility must be taken by Romeo and Juliet themselves for their actions which lead to their deaths. Romeo and Juliet's love was foolish and blind. They did not stop to think about the consequences their love wo ...

Difference Between Samstag, Sonnabend, and Sonntag

Difference Between Samstag, Sonnabend, and Sonntag Samstag and Sonnabend  both mean Saturday and can be used interchangeably. So why does Saturday get two names in German? First of all, which version to use depends on where you live in the German-speaking world. Western and southern Germany, Austria and Switzerland use the older term â€Å"Samstag†, whereas eastern and northern Germany tend to use Sonnabend. The former GDR (in German: DDR) recognized Sonnabend as the official version. Historically the term Sonnabend, which means The evening before Sunday, can be traced back surprisingly to an English missionary! It was none other than St. Bonifatius, who was determined during the 700’s to convert the Germanic tribes in the Frankish empire. One of his items on his to-do list was to replace the word Samstag or Sambaztac as it was known then, which was of Hebraic origin (Shabbat), to the Old English term â€Å"Sunnanaefen.† This term made sense since it signified the evening and later on the day before Sunday and thus was easily integrated into old high German. The term â€Å"Sunnanaefen† evolved into the middle high German â€Å"Sun[nen]abent† and then finally into the version we speak today.As for St. Bonifatius, despite his successful mission among the Germanic people, was killed by a group of inhabitants in Frisia (Friesland), which is known nowadays as the Netherlands (Niederlande) and northwestern Germany today. It is interesting to note that the Dutch kept the original version for Saturday only (zaterdag). The Cultural Meaning of Samstag The Saturday  evening was always the day where they would show the main blockbusters on TV. We remember studying the TV magazine - we admit, we are a bit older- and really feeling the Vorfreude (joy of anticipation) when we saw a Hollywood movie being shown on Saturday. On Saturdays, they would also show the big entertainment shows like Wetten Dass...? which you might have heard of. Its host Thomas Gottschalk (his name literally means: Gods Joker) most likely still lives in the US nowadays. We loved that show when we were younger and less thinking about what was going on there. Later we realized that it was actually pretty horrible. It entertained millions of people and so far everyone following into Gottschalks footsteps has failed to continue his success. It was big news when they finally put that dinosaur to sleep.   Sonnabend versus Sonntag Now that you know that Sonnabend is actually the evening before Sonntag (Sunday) you might be able to easily distinguish these two German weekdays. The Sunday though is a very special day in Germany. In our youth, it was the day that the family would spend together and in case you were religious youd go to church in the morning to start off the day. It was also the day all the stores in the countryside are closed. Which lead to a little culture shock when we came to Poland in 1999 and saw many stores open on Sunday. We had always thought that the Sunday was some kind of Christian holiday but as the Poles were even stricter Christians than the Germans, we couldnt quite grasp this. So dont be surprised when you come to Germany. Even in the bigger cities, the main stores are closed. The only way to get what you urgently desire is to go to a Tankstelle (gas station) or a Spti (late shop). Expect the prices to be up to 100% higher than usual.

Hospitality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Hospitality Management - Essay Example Scientific Management is not hard to be noted in the modern workplace. It is founded on four principles. The first of these principles is to replace the â€Å"rule of thumb† or the simple common sense and simple habit, working techniques with methods that are founded on a scientific study of the task. This principle is still relevant in the workplace today. It involves managing by first breaking every job into individual tasks (Carol, 4). This above is to be able to know the steps that are not needed in the end product. For example, where the workers in the industry have to walk a long distance, the layout of the workplace has been redesigned to reduce the walking distance and thus lower the hours of the working day (Mentzer, 3). The second principle states that in the scientific selection of the workers in an organization ought to be: select, train, teach and develop the person who is most suitable for every job scientifically, instead of leaving the workers to train themselves. This principle of Taylor’s Scientific Management is applied in the hospitality industry workplace today. In most organizations, managers take the responsibility of selecting the right individuals for every job and overseeing their training. They also make sure that training is carried out successfully (Mentzer, 3). In most workplaces today, following the job process and workers have been put in place, the managers continue to be involved and supervise every worker to make sure that the work is carried out in a manner that fulfills the goals of the organization. This fulfils the third principle of Taylor’s Scientific Management. According to the last principle of Scientific Management, work ought to be divided between the workers and the managers. The managers in most modern workplaces in the hospitality industry plan and supervise the work, while the workers perform the

Gross Domestic Product Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gross Domestic Product - Essay Example The results and data concerning the growth of GDP come along with major influences on decisions made by both private and public policy makers and economists. GDP is based on survey and approximations of data collected over specified a duration (Ang et al. 2006). Quarterly and annual GDP approximates are extrapolated from economic survey and census data recorded from economic sectors like manufacture shipments, housing rates, and retail sales. GDP is a measure of the flow of services and goods produced within the economy market; these are products and services traded for cash. Although some non-market products are included in the data used to compute the GDP, numerous vital bits of data undergo omission from the census data used to compute GDP. Some of the vital information data include countries expenses in bettering healthcare, expenses of combating rising crime and emergency housing due to unforeseen occurrences among others. Such omissions weaken the reliability of GDP as an indic ator of progress (Islam & Clarke 2002). Information and expectations about the growth of gross development product come along with great influence notably echoed by numerous influential and interest groups. Developing countries tend to lay too much trust in the results of GDP as a reflector of their economic and social well fare (Kubiszewski et al. 2013). Since 1960, scores of scholars have expressed negative sentiments on the use of interpretations computed from the calculation of GDP as a proxy for social wellbeing. Since the creation of GDP, respectable economists have stressed that GDP is a measure of the activity of the economy and not the economy’s wellbeing. Scholars have further cautioned against the equation of GDP with social well-being and economic growth.  

History of linux Essay Example for Free

History of linux Essay The History of Linux began in 1991 with the commencement of a personal project by a Finnish student, Linus Torvalds, to create a new operating system kernel. Since then the resulting Linux kernel has been marked by constant growth throughout its history. Since the initial release of its source code in 1991, it has grown from a small number of C files under a license prohibiting commercial distribution to its state in 2009 of over 370 megabytes of source under the GNU General Public License. Events leading to creation The Unix operating system was conceived and implemented in the 1960s and first eleased in 1970. Its availability and portability caused it to be widely adopted, copied and modified by academic institutions and businesses. Its design became influential to authors of other systems. In 1983, Richard Stallman started the GNU project with the goal of creating a free UNIX-Iike operating system. As part of this work, he wrote the GNU General Public License (GPL). By the early 1990s there was almost enough available software to create a full operating system. However, the GNU kernel, called Hurd, failed to attract enough attention from developers leaving GNU incomplete. Another free operating system project in the 1980s was the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD). This was developed by UC Berkeley from the 6th edition of Unix from ATT. Since BSD contained Unix code that ATT owned, ATT filed a lawsuit (USL v. BSDi) in the early 1990s against the University of California. This strongly limited the development and adoption of BSD. MINIX, a Unix-like system intended for academic use, was released by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in 1987. While source code for the system was available, modification and redistribution were restricted. In addition, MINXs 16-bit design was not well adapted to the 32- it features of the increasingly cheap and popular Intel 386 architecture for personal computers. These factors and the lack of a widely-adopted, free kernel provided the impetus for Torvaldss starting his project. He has stated that if either the GNU or 386BSD kernels were available at the time, he likely would not have written his own. The creation of Linux In 1991, in Helsinki, Linus Torvalds began a project that later became the Linux kernel. It was initially a terminal emulator, which Torvalds used to access the large UNIX servers of the university. He wrote the program specifically for the hardware he as using and independent of an operating system because he wanted to use the functions of his new PC with an 80386 processor. Development was done on MINIX using the GNU C compiler, which is still the main choice for compiling Linux today (although the code can be built with other compilers, such as the Intel C Compiler). As Torvalds wrote in his book Just for Fun, he eventually realized that he had written an operating system kernel. On 25 August 1991, he announced this system in a Usenet posting to the newsgroup comp. os. minix. The name Linus Torvalds had wanted to call his invention Freax, a portmanteau of freak, free, and x (as an allusion to Unix). During the start of his work on the system, he stored the files under the name Freax for about half of a year. Torvalds had already considered the name Linux, but initially dismissed it as too egotistical. In order to facilitate development, the files were uploaded to the FTP server (ftp. funet. fi) of FUNET in September 1991. Ari Lemmke, Torvalds coworker at the University of Helsinki who was one of the volunteer administrators for the FTP server at the time, did not think that Freax was a good name. So, he named the project Linux on the erver without consulting Torvalds. Later, however, Torvalds consented to Linux. To demonstrate how the word Linux should be pronounced, Torvalds included an audio guide with the kernel source code. Linux under the GNU GPL Torvalds first published the Linux kernel under its own licence, which had a restriction on commercial activity. The software to use with the kernel was software developed as part of the GNU project licensed under the GNU General Public License, a free software license. The first release of the Linux kernel, Linux 0. 01, included a binary of GNUs Bash shell. In the Notes for linux release 0. 1 Torvalds lists the GNU software that is required to run Linux. In 1992, he suggested releasing the kernel under the GNU General Public License. He first announced this decision in the release notes of version 0. 12. In the middle of December 1992 he published version 0. 99 using the GNU GPL.

A Good Man is Hard to Find Essay -- essays papers

A Good Man is Hard to Find Virtue and â€Å"the grandmother† If you were to ask someone what their definition of a happy life would be, they would probably give you an answer like, â€Å"having fun.† This is completely untrue in Aristotle’s terms. According to Aristotle, for a man to lead a happy life he must learn each of the intellectual virtues, and practice each of the moral virtues throughout his life. These moral virtues are justice, courage, temperance, magnificence, magnanimity, liberality, gentleness, prudence, and wisdom. With so many virtues to constantly abide by, a man cannot know if he has led a happy life until his life is nearly finished. In the story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† by Flannery O’ Connor, the question is raised whether the grandmother has achieved a state of happiness according to Aristotle’s terms at the time of her death. The answer is no, because she is a person who is dishonest, cowardly, and unwise. Of all the virtues, honesty is practiced the least by the grandmother. Honesty is defined as â€Å"The capacity or condition of being honest; integrity; trustworthiness† (Honesty). There are several examples of the grandmother’s dishonest and untrustworthy actions. In the beginning of the story, â€Å"The grandmother didn’t want to go to Florida† (O’ Connor 1106), so she made up false excuses to try to persuade her family to take her to Tennessee. â€Å" his fellow that calls himself The Misfit is aloose from the Federal Pen and headed toward Florida. I wouldn’t take my children in any direction with a criminal like that aloose in it’† (O’ Connor 1106). On the way to Florida, the grandmother notices an old house she visited as a child. When she wants to stop and re-visit the house, the grandmother tells the... ...n the story, (honesty, courage, and wisdom) none of the virtues are abided by. Although there are six other virtues, all of the virtues must be abided by in order to achieve happiness. Besides, if the grandmother doesn’t abide by the three virtues represented in the story, this leads one to believe that she doesn’t abide by any of them. In conclusion, the grandmother does not lead a happy life in accordance to Aristotle’s theory of happiness. Bibliography: Works Cited â€Å"Courage.† The American Heritage College Dictionary. 3rd ed. 2000. â€Å"Honesty.† The American Heritage College Dictionary. 3rd ed. 2000. O'Connor, Flannery. "A Good Man Is Hard to Find." The Story and Its Writer: An Introduction to Short Fiction. Ed. Ann Charters. 5th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's 1999, 1106-1117. â€Å"Wisdom.† The American Heritage College Dictionary. 3rd ed. 2000.

Case study snyder v phelps Essay

Snyder v. Phelps (2011) Fred Phelps, the pastor at the Westboro Church, along with his followers believes that God punishes the US for allowing homosexuality freedoms, especially within the military. To express their feelings the Westboro Church and its people sometimes picket military funerals in hopes that their voices will be heard. In 2006 Albert Snyder’s son who was a Lance Corporal for the United States Marine Corps was killed in the line of the duty during his time in Iraq. Matthew Snyder was killed in Anbar, Iraq when he was the gunner on a Humvee that ended up rolling after hitting something. The Westboro Church decided that they would picket Matthew Snyder’s funeral, notifying the sanction holding the funeral in advance what they planned on doing. When the Westboro Church and its followers arrived to picket this funeral they made sure to stage the picket on public land that was adjacent to a public street. Making sure that they didn’t violate any written laws they also made sure to abide by anything that was appointed to them by the police taking care of the funeral. The Church members stood outside this church during the funeral reciting different hymns and verses from the Bible. Albert Snyder wasn’t aware of what the signs said until after the whole funeral took place, claiming that he could â€Å"really only see the tops and couldn’t make out what they actually said. † Following the funeral, Snyder noticed on the news that the signs some gruesome stuff such as, â€Å"God Hates the USAI Thank God for 9/1 1,† â€Å"Thank God for Dead Soldiers,† and â€Å"Don’t Pray for the USA. † Snyder decided that he would then sue Fred Phelps, claiming that the picketing aused him and his family severe emotional distress. In his defense, Phelps argued that everything that took place that day was completely legal under the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment to the Constitution. The main issue that this case faced legally, was whether Westboro’s signs and comments while picketing Matthew Snyder’s funeral related to matters of â€Å"public concern† and in turn, decide whether there is too much protection under the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment. The Supreme Court made it clear that they were only going to determine this ruling ased on â€Å"matters of public concern† as opposed to â€Å"matters of purely private significance. The Supreme Court affirmed that the picketing amounted to speech on issues that are public; they felt as if one of the main things that the First Amendment covers is the right to picket based upon public issues. The Court felt as if although the signs that were used â€Å"may fall short of refined social or political commentary, the is sues they highlight – the political and moral conduct of the United States and its citizens, the fate of our Nation, homosexuality in the military, and scandals involving he Catholic clergy – are all matters of public import. Albert Snyder realized all of the protection under the First Amendment but he claimed in rebuttal that that picketing was intended to shape an attack on Snyder over a rather private matter. Although the Supreme Court realized that Snyder had a strong claim at the time because of the circumstances that were evident, at the same time they must also hold to the law which noted that Maryland did not have a law imposing any types of restrictions on standpoint, the Supreme Court decided that Fred Phelps and his followers were in all f their legal rights to picket that funeral. The Court expressed their acknowledgment of the picketing of a US Soldier’s funeral and the idea that many Americans would feel as if the Westboro Church was â€Å"morally defective†, but it rejected those factors as means for any type of lawsuit that could be tendered to the church. Though a Jury ended up awarding the family of Lance Corporal Matthew Snyder millions of dollars, the US Supreme Court upheld the circuit court’s dismissal of the verdict over unruly circumstances. Freedom of speech is something that is considered one of the reatest things available by both sides of the political lanes. Both Conservatives and Liberals strongly believe in freedom of speech, but it is Liberals that are more likely to take the realm of expressing themselves publically. Liberals take pride in the idea of the â€Å"political left†, which basically outlines their devotion to America’s First Amendment the right to free speech. Although it is usually Liberals that we see voicing their opinion publically, the Westboro Church is overall a Conservative group because of what they stand for. Most people including the media portray and roclaim that the Westboro Church is a Liberal party but when you dig deeper you start to notice that isn’t really the case. The Westboro Church has many things in common with those that claim to be Conservative; â€Å"both are against marriage equality, both are for the replacement of constitutional government with religious dogma of their particular form of Christianity, both are for the reduction of the rights of minorities and women, and both are for getting rid of reproductive rights and family planning. † The case of Snyder v. Phelps places before us a choice where we ust decide between the ethical values of basic respect versus the legal right of the First Amendment, freedom of speech. From an ethical perspective, it is easy to decide this case based upon the ideas that we adopted over time that all in all became a social norm. The ethical value of respect at a funeral will easily make someone choose the side of Snyder’s in this case Just because over time we have established that funerals are meant to mourn and to pay respect to not only the fallen but also the family of that person. Although it may be interpreted that the reason that the Westboro Church chose to take action the way that they did was because it was necessary to get their point across, ethically it is frowned upon because of how we know funerals are supposed to take place. The Westboro Church had many options to establish the point that they were trying to get across such as the newspaper, TV, or the radio, but instead they chose to do it at a US Marine’s funeral which ended up working in their favor gaining them national recognition. Potter Stewart, a once US Justice wrote with regards to Ethics that, â€Å"Ethics is knowing the difference between hat you have a right to do and what is right to do. This quote explains the complete ethical aspect of this case because it describes how legally, the Westboro Church had every right to do what they did that day but ethically they were in the wrong intruding on the privacy of a grieving family at a funeral service less than 300 feet away. While the Justices made it clear that they understood where Al bert Snyder and his family were coming from, they also stood firm with the idea that the Westboro Church was practicing the First Amendment which allows the freedom of speech to he public. One of the Justices following the court case described the entire case as powerful. It can stir people to action, move them to tears of both Joy and sorrow, and as it did here inflict great pain. On the facts before us, we cannot react to that pain by punishing the speaker. As a nation we have chosen a different course to protect even hurtful speech on public issues to ensure that we do not stifle public debate. The problem that is now faced upon America after the ruling that the Westboro Church did nothing wrong is, how much is too much in regards to â€Å"a few† igns becoming too many? Would enough signs have changed the nature of the content of Westboro’s message towards the Snyder family? The effect of this case on the public is something that isn’t necessarily brought up but it is evident in many places because you have to realize that the public mainly sees this as a case of a family being stripped of what they believe should be a quiet and peaceful funeral . With the ruling ending the way it does it has the public wondering how far the First Amendment freedom of speech can really get you and the fine print behind our US Constitution. Overall, the US Supreme Court case touches many aspects whether it is ethically, legally, politically, or socially. It is hard for most ethically driven people to accept the fact that the Westboro Church not only got no penalty for what they did at Matthew Snyder’s funeral, but they also received no further details about stopping the picketing of funerals. In regards to legal aspects, this case set in stone that the First Amendment freedom of speech allows for not only speech that is accepted ethically but any type of speech that strays away from a personal attack. In most of he public’s opinion the Westboro Church was in the wrong that day for not allowing a grieving family time to privately mourn the loss of a family member but although what they did was frowned upon they stayed within their legal rights which forces the court to drop their case. Although Albert Snyder lost this case his family was awarded millions of dollars and they also received support of the majority of the public against the Westboro Church and their actions not only that day, but in the future. Snyder left the courtroom after the ruling with not complete satisfaction but rust that his point was spread across America which was to notify them of what the Westboro Church does and what they caused not only himself, but his family.

Retail Services Characteristics

In this paper the most common services characteristics, namely perishability, intangibility, inseparability and heterogeneity will be applied to a well – known retail services brand. In this case the focus shall be on how the aforementioned characteristics apply to Starbucks. In order to better understand the problem the history of the company alongside current corporate objectives will be briefly described. In the following paragraphs the notice will be mainly on the retailer’s ability to cope with the theory’s implications. The first Starbucks coffee shop was opened in 1971 in Seattle.The name was inspired by Moby Dick and the logo which has now become somehow of a cult figure is a twin-tailed mermaid. However it wasn’t until 1987 when a major breakthrough came and the brand started to receive a world – wide recognition. In August, Howard Schultz backed with the capital from local investors bought the Starbucks. Since then the company grew in an e xponential manner which resulted in opening more than 16,000 stores in over 55 countries to this day. Similar as the majority of large enterprises Starbucks also incorporates its own business and social objectives.The goal is to project the brand image in a consumer and environmental friendly way. Their mission statement is to inspire and nurture the human spirit through their exceptional service and high quality coffee. In a very holistic approach they are aiming to improve every aspect of the business, from the customers and employees to the suppliers and shareholders. Moving on from this brief description of Starbucks the focus will now shift to the retail services characteristics, more precisely on intangibility and its implications. Experts agree that a service is intangible because the customer cannot sense it (Newman and Cullen, 2002).It is an abstraction which cannot be directly examined before the purchase. In the case of most goods a prospective buyer is able to inspect th e quality of the good by relying on his senses, whereas a pure service has to be purchased and consumed to fully verify its quality. The level of services’ tangibility can be seen from tangible goods, which are included and consumed within the service offer, it can also be extracted from the physical environment which surrounds the service or with the tangible evidence of the service performance (Palmer, 2005).In the case of various food and drink outlets, goods form an important component of a service offer. This also applies to Starbucks and therefore it is possible to place it somewhere in the middle of the tangible to intangible service dominant scale (Shostack, 1977). Starbucks uses scent of fresh coffee to attract customers and make them sense a tangible good which can be purchased at the premises. The physical environment also plays a big part in customer’s perception of service quality.Starbucks acknowledged this and therefore their outlets are usually very wel l furnished with comfortable chairs, Wi-Fi and other features which give a customer a sense of quality and comfort. Tangibility can be further provided with the evidence of service production methods. This is certainly the case in Starbucks where you can see the whole process of making a cup of coffee. A lack of physical evidences of services quality can increase the level of uncertainty that a customer faces when choosing between competing services.However, Starbucks developed a strong brand associated with quality of services provided and the company values therefore creating a positive image in consumers’ perception. From describing how intangibility applies to Starbucks we shall now turn the attention to another service characteristic, namely heterogeneity. Services heterogeneity means that the quality of services depends on who provides them as well as when, where and how they are provided. Products can be standardized and basically the same for every customer.However, s ervices on the other hand can be delivered in different ways, regarding on customer’s personal requirements. The service must normally be produced in the presence of the customer without the possibility of intervening quality control. Specific problems can occur where staff is involved in providing services on a one-to-one basis. In these cases no easy method of monitoring or control is possible. There are two particular aspects of heterogeneity which are relevant to the services. The first one is the extent to which production standards vary from a norm, both in terms of outcomes and of production processes.The second one is the extent to which a service can deliberately be varied to meet the specific needs of particular customers (Palmer, 2005). In order to tackle the aforementioned aspects of heterogeneity and also to satisfy customer needs retailers usually standardize the service as much as possible without noticeably affecting the perceived customer value. Many service organizations have reduced variability by adopting equipment-based production methods or by offering already prepared menus or meals. However Starbucks took a slightly different approach here then some fast-food outlets.They are offering more than 87,000 different drink combinations. With that in mind they cannot simply standardize the whole process of coffee making. Customers want to see consistency and quality in their stores so for that purpose they offer their front-line staff a basic training and they are also using some motivation tools to enhance staff performance. So for instance they refer to their employees as partners and their pay package is called â€Å"Your special blend†. The heterogeneity of service output can sometimes pose problems for brand-building in services compared to tangible goods.However Starbucks cope with these problems quite well through their excellent staff to management relation which results, again in a strong brand personality. From heteroge neity we shall now shift our attention to another characteristic, which is perishability. Perishability applies to services because unlike goods services cannot be stored for later use. So for an example a factory which produces cars and is unable to sell all its output in the current period can carry forward stocks to sell in a subsequent period.The only significant costs are storage and financing or the possibility of loss through obsolescence. However on the contrary, a producer of a service which is unable to sell all of its output produced in the current period gets no chance to carry it forward for sale in a subsequent period. A great example of perishability is an airline company. For instance if the plane departs at twelve o’clock and the airline company didn’t sell all the available seats, then it is impossible to sell the rest since the plane is already in the air. Another problem which defines perishability is the demand pattern through time.Demand fluctuate s because of many reasons however most common reasons for inconsistency of demand occur during the day, week and season. A typical example of seasonal fluctuation of demand is tourism. During the summer the demand for holidays is often off-peak and hotels by the sea are required to bring in extra work-force. On the other hand the demand in winter is significantly lower and some hotels are therefore unused. Inability to store services and short-term supply inelasticity are leading causes for perishability of services.As mentioned before problems occur when demand pattern is irregular. It can also happen where there is requirement for â€Å"just-in-time† production of service or if demand is not managed effectively (Palmer, 2005). Services providers are trying to even the demand with the use of pricing and promotion or with locating places where demand is more or less even during the day, such as it is in city centres or busy airports. Problems with storing the services have no w also been reduced with recent advancement of technology (Newman and Cullen, 2002).For instance Starbucks uses RFID technology to track perishable food delivered to its cafes thus ensuring freshness of products. Starbucks is usually located there where demand is relatively constant, such as shopping centres and airports and they are also using a lot of promotions ensuring a steady demand through the day. Even their menu is adapted to different seasons of the year. It does not consist only of hot drinks but they also offer other trendy beverages such as smoothies and a variety of bottled drinks which are suitable for hot summer days.Now we shall take a look at the last of four services characteristics. Inseparability of services should be the main topic through the following paragraphs. Inseparability means that the service is produced and consumed at the same time. Both, buyer and seller must be present for the exchange to occur (Newman and Cullen, 2002). The service provider is at the same time also a marketer and promotes both the service and the company. Interaction is of extreme importance in services and therefore the key to success is competent personnel.Inseparability of services leads to customers being co-producers and often being co-consumers of the service with other consumers. They are also usually required to travel to the service provider. This results in management to attempt to separate production and consumption. They are also trying to manage the consumer to producer interaction and improve the service delivery system. Starbucks is a typical example of services inseparability. They are offering a wide range of beverages and customers can choose their own mix.That means that customers are contributing in the production process of a cup of coffee. As mentioned before Starbucks normally furnish their stores in a very comfortable way which means that a lot of customers are consuming the product there, which results in being a co-consumer. Starbu cks stores are often located in city centres and this means that customers have to travel there to receive the service. Maybe in the future Starbuck will offer delivering their products to customers home, but this could possibly take away the charm of visiting a Starbucks coffee shop.However, they are already improving their service system with the opening of drive thru stores. In conclusion it is possible to say that all four services characteristics can be applied to Starbucks. However, some are more visible than others. Starbucks developed an extremely strong brand image and a loyal global population of consumers. This has established them as one of the biggest brands in the world. Through excellent quality of their products, care for the environment and bringing back the sense of community they have already become a household name.They are coping very well with all the services characteristic implications and are always striving for perfection. They are a prime example of the so called â€Å"cultural capitalism† and are setting an example for many companies. References: Adrian Palmer, 2005. Principles of services marketing, 4th edition. Berkshire: McGraw-Hill Education Andrew J Newman and Peter Cullen, 2002. Retailing: environment & operations. London: Cengage Learning Starbucks, 2011. Our heritage [online] Available at: http://www. starbucks. com/about-us/our-heritage [Accessed 16 April 2012 ]. RSA animate, 2010.Slavoj Zizek, First as tragedy, then as farce Available at: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=hpAMbpQ8J7g [Accessed 16 April 2012 ]. Starbucks, 2011. Our mission statement [online] Available at: http://www. starbucks. com/about-us/company-information/mission-statement [Accessed 16 April 2012 ]. Des Monk, Daniella Ryding, (2007),†Service quality and training: a pilot study†, British Food Journal, Vol. 109 Iss: 8 pp. 627-636 G. Lynn Shostack, 1977. Breaking Free from Product Marketing, Journal of Marketing, [online] Available at: < http://www. jstor. org/discover/10. 307/1250637? uid=24747&uid=3738032&uid=2134&uid=373370127&uid=2&uid=70&uid=3&uid=373370117&uid=24745&uid=5910784&uid=67&uid=62&uid=60&sid=47698847505567 > [Accessed 16 April 2012 ]. Lena Goldkuhl, Maria Styven, (2007),†Sensing the scent of service success†, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 41 Iss: 11 pp. 1297-1305 Marketingmagazine. co. uk, 2011. Starbucks to open 200 drive-thru stores [online] Available at: [Accessed 17 April 2012 ].Pedro M. Reyes, Patrick Jaska, (2007),†Is RFID right for your organization or application? â€Å", Management Research News, Vol. 30 Iss: 8 pp. 570-580 Starbucks, 2011. Store design [online] Available at: [Accessed 17 April 2012 ]. Starbucks, 2011. Working at Starbucks [online] Available at: [Accessed 17 April 2012 ]. Superbrands. co. uk, 2012. Starbucks [pdf] Available at: [Accessed 17 April 2012 ].

How to Form First-Conjugation (-are) Verbs in Italian

How to Form First-Conjugation (-are) Verbs in Italian Infinitives of all regular verbs in Italian end in –are, –ere, or –ire and are referred to as first-, second-, or third-conjugation verbs, respectively. In English, the infinitive (linfinito) consists of to verb. Amare - To loveTemere - To fearSentire - To hear What are First-Conjugation Verbs? Verbs with infinitives ending in –are are called first-conjugation, or –are, verbs. The present tense of a regular –are verb is formed by dropping the infinitive ending –are and adding the appropriate endings to the resulting stem. There is a different ending for each person. Characteristics of the First Conjugation Verbs ending in -care and -gare With verbs ending in –care (cercare - to try, caricare - to charge) and –gare (litigare - to fight, legare - to bond), add an â€Å"h† immediately after the root when declinations start with â€Å"e† or â€Å"i† to maintain the hard â€Å"c† or hard â€Å"g† sound. Cercare - To try, to look (for) io cerco noi cerchiamo tu cerchi voi cercate lui, lei, Lei cerca loro, Loro cercano The spelling also changes with the first person in the future with â€Å"io cercherà ² - I will try.† Legare - To bond, to tie io lego noi leghiamo tu leghi voi legate lui, lei, Lei lega loro, Loro legano The spelling also changes with the first person in the future with â€Å"io legherà ² - I will tie.† Verbs ending in -ciare and -giare With verbs ending in –ciare (baciare - to kiss), –giare (mangiare - to eat), and –sciare (lasciare - to leave), drop the â€Å"i† of the root when declinations start with â€Å"e† or â€Å"i.† Cominciare - To start io comincio noi cominciamo tu cominci voi cominciate lui, lei, Lei comincia loro, Loro cominciano The spelling also changes with the first person in the future with â€Å"io comincerà ² - I will start.† Mangiare - To eat io mangio noi mangiamo tu mangi voi mangiate lui, lei, Lei mangia loro, Loro mangiano The spelling also changes with the first person in the future with â€Å"io mangerà ² - I will eat.† Strisciare - To crawl io striscio noi strisciamo tu strisci voi strisciate lui, lei, Lei striscia loro, Loro strisciano The spelling also changes with the first person in the future with â€Å"io striscerà ² - I will crawl.† Verbs ending in -iare With verbs ending in –iare (inviare, studiare, gonfiare), the â€Å"i† of the root stays, except for with the declinations –iamo and –iate. The â€Å"i† of the root is dropped with declinations that start with i (–i, –iamo, –iate, –ino) or in the first person singular of the present indicative (io stà ¹dio). Spiare - To spy io spio noi spiamo che tu spii voi spiate lui, lei, Lei spia loro, Loro spiano Studiare - To study io studio noi studiamo che tu studii voi studiate lui, lei, Lei studia loro, Loro studiano Verbs ending in –gliare Verbs ending in –gliare (tagliare - to cut, pigliare - to take): drop the i of the root only before the vowel i. Tagliare - To cut io taglio noi tagliamo tu tagli voi tagliate lui, lei, Lei taglia loro, Loro tagliano Pigliare - To take io piglio noi pigliamo tu pigli voi pigliate lui, lei, Lei piglia loro, Loro pigliano Verbs ending in -gnare Verbs ending in –gnare are regular, therefore the â€Å"i† of the endings –iamo (indicative and present conjunctive) and –iate (present conjunctive) is maintained. Regnare - To rule io regno noi regniamo tu regni voi regnate lui, lei, Lei regna loro, Loro regnano

Faulty Modifiers on SAT Writing Grammar Rule Prep

Faulty Modifiers on SAT Writing Grammar Rule Prep SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips One ofcomedian Groucho Marx's most famous jokes involves a pachyderm and some sleepwear. "One morning I shot an elephant in my pajamas," he says. "How he got in my pajamas I don't know!" This joke is a play on a grammatical error called a misplaced modifier, where a descriptive phrase or word is placed in the wrong part of the sentence. The modifier errors on the SAT Writingmay not be quite as funny as Groucho's, but it's still important that youunderstand how they work. To that end, we'll be covering both basic grammatical concepts behind faulty modifiers and how to apply that knowledge on the test: Key Principle: Modifiers Must Be Next to What They Modify Dangling Modifiers: Modifying Phrases at the Beginning of Sentences Misplaced Modifiers: Modifier Order Within Sentences SAT WritingTips and Tricks Practice Questions Feature image credit:Valerievia Flickr Modifiers Must Be Next to the Thing They're Modifying The heading says it all: the most important concept to remember when dealing with modifiers is that they need to be next to the word they're describing. Sometimes these types of mistakes are obvious: Bird for sale by flightless woman. You have to figure that the bird is flightless, not the woman. The sentence should be: Flightless bird for sale by woman. However,on the SAT, this kind of error is oftenharder to spot. Take a look at the following sentence: Despite having finishedher test, the teacher wouldn't let Jenna leave until the class was over. There's nothing obviously wrong with this sentence, but let's think about what it's actually saying. Itstarts with the modifier "despite having finished her test." Logically, that phrase would seem to be describing Jenna, but since it's located next to "the teacher," the sentence is actuallysaying that the teacher has finished her test. That doesn't make much sense, sowe need to reorder the sentence to placethe modifier next to what it's modifying: The teacher wouldn't let Jenna leave until the class was over, despite the fact that she had finished her test. There are two main types of faulty modifiers: dangling modifiers, which involve phrases at the beginning of sentences (e.g. the example about Jenna), and misplaced modifiers, which involve the order of words and phrases within sentences (e.g. the example about the bird).Almost all of the faulty modifiers questions on the SAT deal with dangling modifiers, so we'll cover those first. Flightless birds, not flightless women Dangling Modifiers: Modifying Phrases at the Beginning of Sentences Questions about dangling modifiers only appear in the Improving Sentences section, but they're very common. You're essentially guaranteedto see at least one and may see as many four, so it's extremelyimportant that you understand how to approach them. Whena sentence begins with a modifying phrase, the intro must be immediately followed by a comma and then the noun it's describing. Incorrect sentences of this type start with modifying phrases that describe something other than the noun immediately following the comma. For example: Swimmingtoward the shore, alittle girl was building a sand castle. The "little girl" can't be "swimming toward the shore" and "building a sand castle" at the same time- something's missing. There are two ways to correct this kind of error: you can either replace the incorrect noun (in this case "little girl") with acorrect one, making any changes necessary to preserve the meaning of the sentence (fix 1), or you can turn the intro phrase into a clause that includes the the subject the phrase is meant to be describing (fix 2). These techniques sound more complicated than they are, so let's put them to use remedying our issue with the little girl who is in two places at once: Fix 1:Swimmingtoward the shore, I sawalittle girl building a sand castle. Fix 2:As Iswamtoward the shore, alittle girl was building a sand castle. Bothversions of the sentence are equally correct. You won't be asked to choose between the two options- instead, which approach makes more sense will depend on which part of the sentence is underlinedand whatanswer choices you're given. Keep in mind that some sentences will use this construction without asking about it (there will be anunrelated error instead), but look out for sentences that begin with verb participles (verbs ending in "ing," "ed," or "en") or prepositional phrases followed by a comma, especially if the underlined portion begins immediately after the comma. Situation 1: Main Clause Underlined If only the main clause is underlined, you'll need to pick the answer with the correct subject- what I refer to above as fix 1. For example: Incorrect:After seven straight hours of studying, Jose's brainwas fried. Correct:After seven straight hours of studying, Jose felt like his brainwas fried. Even though the distinction may not seem important, "Jose" and "Jose'sbrain" aren't actually the same- Jose's brain can't study. If only the second half of the sentence is underlined, the best way to correct thisissue is to replace the incorrect noun "Jose's brain" with the correct one "Jose." When you see an Improving Sentences question like this with the main clause underlined, you must find the answer choice or choices that start with the correct noun. Start by ruling out any answers that don't start with a noun or pronoun or that start with a noun other than the one the introductoryphrase is meant to be describing. If there is more than one answer choice remaining, check for other grammatical issues. Let's work through an example question from a real SAT: The sentence begins with the modifier "spread by rat fleas," which suggests that there may be a dangling modifier. The first step, then, is to determine what that phrase describes. It's definitely not "millions of people in medieval Europe," so we can know there's a modifier error and can rule out A. We can also eliminate B, which begins with a conjunction instead of a noun, and C, which begins with the unclear pronoun "this." With only D and E remaining, it's clear that "bubonic plague" is spread by rat fleas. Both answers are grammatical, but E is much simpler and clearer, so it must be the answer. Situation 2: Both Modifierand Main ClauseUnderlined You may also see dangling modifier questions presented with both the modifierand part, or all, of the main clause underlined, though this configuration is much less common. In these cases, the correct answer usuallyrewrites the sentence to eliminate the faulty modifier entirely, so it's difficult to anticipate what the correct choice will be. Instead, you want to approach these questions by process of elimination: Determine what the error is- figure out how the modifier is wrong so that you can rule out any choices that make the same mistake Eliminate answers that aren't grammatical- rule out any answers that create other issues, like run-ons or sentence fragments Choose clearest, most concise answer- of the remaining choices pick the one that expresses the pointwith the simplest structure and fewest extra words This process may seem a bit vague, so let's work through an official SAT example: First, let's figure out what's wrong with this sentence. It's a bit confusing because there's no obvious error. We can start by separating the two independent clauses to make what's happening in the underlined portion clearer: She was concerned about how Hank would react to the incident.In searching his face, he did not seem to be at all embarrassed or troubled. Now it's clearer that "in searching his face" is a modifying phrase, currently describing Hank(since "he" comes immediately after the comma). But based on the context, we know the person searching the face is actually "she," so we've located the error. We can rule out A, as well as D, which repeats the same error. Choice B swaps out "it" for "he," which doesn't solve the problem, because "it" is still not the person searching Hank's face. B is also wrong. Choices C and E both fix the misplaced modifier issue, but E is needlessly wordy ("being" is usually wrong), so C is the correct answer. Like sneakers, modifiers aren't meant to dangle (image credit: Carsten ten Brink) Misplaced Modifiers: Modifier Placement in Sentences Now that we've covered how to approach questions about modifiers at the beginning of sentences, let's talk about questions that deal with modifier placement within sentences.Questions on this topic can appear in both the Improving Sentences and Identifying Sentence Errors, but they are much less common than questions on dangling modifiers. The key rule for modifier placement- a modifier must be next to whatever it's modifying- remainsthe same. A misplaced modifier occurs when a modifier is separated from theword it's meant to describe: The werewolfmailed a package to the vampire full of garlic. Despite what the sentence says, it's clear that the "package" and not the "vampire" is meant to be full of garlic. In order to correct this error, we need to switch around the order of the phrases: The werewolfmailed a package full of garlic to the vampire. Because the exact nature of this kind of error can vary so widely, there's no single best way to approach the questions. However, many of these errors involve gerunds, especially on the Identifying Sentence Errors. Remember that like other modifiers gerunds must be next to what they're describing, i.e. whatever or whoever is doing the action. To help clarify, let'sgo through some SAT style examples, starting with thisIdentifying Sentence Errors question: On(A)hermost recent(B) vacation to Istanbul, Jill stumbled upon(C) a fantastic jewelry shop walking(D) through the massive market. No error. (E) Reading through this sentence, you may not immediately notice anything incorrect- in fact, it seems just fine. But before picking E, we need to check each of the other underlined portions. "On" is an idiomatically correct prepositionand "most recent" is a correct superlative, so we can rule out A and B. "Stumbled upon" includes a correctly conjugated verb and an idiomatically correct preposition, so C is also incorrect. This leaves only D, "walking." When a gerund is underlined, you must check placement- is the modifiernext to the noun that is walking? No, it's next to "jewelry shop," which can't walk. As such, D is the correct answer. Next, take a look at this Improving Sentences example: Kate Hudson beganacting at a young age, being Goldie Hawn's daughter. A.Kate Hudson beganacting at a young age, being Goldie Hawn's daughter. B.Kate Hudson beganacting at a young age, and she was Goldie Hawn's daughter. C.Kate Hudson, who as Goldie Hawn's daughterbeganacting at a young age. D. BeingKate Hudson, Goldie Hawn's daughterbeganacting at a young age. E.Kate Hudson, Goldie Hawn's daughter,beganacting at a young age. The misplaced modifier in this sentence is fairly obvious: "being Goldie Hawn's daughter" is clearly meant to describe "Kate Hudson" not "a young age." However, there's no answer choice that places the modifiernext to what it's modifying, so we need to narrow down the choices with process of elimination. We already ruled out A (which is the same as the original sentence), and we can eliminate C because it's a fragment. B, D, and E are all grammatically correct, so we need to pick the clearest and most concise answer. B is incorrect because it make the sentence much longer than it needs to be by splitting it into two independent clause. D doesn't work because the word order is confusing. Describing Kate Hudson as Goldie Hawn's daughter makes sense; describing Goldie Hawn's daughter as Kate Hudson doesn't. E is correctbecause itputs the (slightly rephrased) modifiernext to what it'smodifying. This snowman is misplaced; make sure your modifiers aren't. (Image credit: Richie Diesterheft) Applying Modifier Ruleson SAT Writing Questions Now that we've gone over all the rules you need to know, let's review some of the key points about how to spot and answer faulty modifierquestions on the SAT Writing section. What to watchfor: Prepositional phrases at the beginning of sentences where the clause after the comma is underlined Verb participles (verbs ending in "ing," "ed," or "en") at the beginning of sentences In ISE questions, underlined gerunds Rules to keep in mind: A modifier must be next to what it's modifying Gerunds must be next to the noun doing the action If a sentence starts with a descriptor, whatever comes after the comma must be the noun it’s describing Helpful SATWriting tips: Think about both what a modifier is currently describing and what it's actually meant to be describing Watch out for answers that fix the original modifier issue but are ungrammatical in another way Remember that there are a lot of different ways to fix faulty modifiers- use process of elimination to narrow down wrong answers rather than focusing on one specific way of correcting the error You will see these errors on the test, and they are likely unfamiliar, so make sure to review (and practice with) similar questions from real SATs Test Your Knowledge! Try out the principles we've discussed on these SAT Writing practice questions: 1. One of thespiciest cuisines in the world, Sichuan has recently become very popular in the United States. A.Sichuan has recently become B. Sichuan has most recently become known as C.Sichuan food has recently become D. the cuisines of Sichuan have become E. recently Sichuan has become 2. Thinking, perhaps, that their questionswon't be answered, the number of students who attend career counseling has dropped precipitously. A.the number of students who attend career counseling has dropped precipitously. B.the number of students who attend career counseling is droppingprecipitously. C.a dropping number of students are attending career counseling. D.students are attending career counseling in ever lower numbers. E.students, the number of whom attendcareer counseling has dropped precipitously. 3.By gazing sadly upon his owner, Tinawas convinced to give the puppy more food. A. Tinawas convinced to give the puppy more food. B.Tinawas convinced bythe puppy to give him more food. C.the puppy was convinced by Tina to give him more food. D. convincing Tina to give him more food, the puppy was. E.the puppy convinced Tina to give him more food. Answers: 1. C, 2. D, 3. E What's Next? Now that you've mastered faultymodifiers, take a look at some of our other SATgrammar guides on frequentlytestedtopics like illogical comparisonsand parallelism. If you're curious about the Improving Paragraphs, check out our guide the strangest type of SAT Writing question. Make sure you know the 8 key SAT Writing strategies, and if you're aimingfor an especiallyhigh score, check out our guide to getting an 800 on the SAT Writingfrom a perfectscorer. Looking to build a study plan? Read our complete plan to studying for the SAT, review what the SAT Writingactually covers, and take a practice test (or four!). Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Writing and grammar lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Monopolies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Monopolies - Essay Example However the others were considered of poor quality by Microsoft. There then arose a question of whether Microsoft had altered its applications to favor internet explorer over other browsers. The defendant was also accused of forming restrictive licensing agreements with other original equipment manufacturers which was a bad code of conduct. In its defense, Microsoft argued that Microsoft windows and internet explorer were combined so as to enhance innovation and competition therefore, the two became a same product which facilitated consumers to get all the benefits of internet explorer free of charge. This was contrary to the plaintiffs who argued that the browser was a distinct product which did not require combination with the operating system. Monopoly market structure is a market in which there is a single supplier of a product (Boyes & Melvin, 2008). The firm is referred to as a monopolist and its product has no close substitutes. Boyes & Melvin further pointed out that† a firm that has monopoly power is a price maker rather than a price taker† (p.567). The characteristic here is that it sets the price of the product and the marginal revenue will be less than the prices for monopolies firm hence the downward slopping demand curve. Moreover, in this case, Microsoft altered internet explorer to be favored and to be socially preferred by many users over other browsers in the market. Consequently, when a single big firm’s product become socially preferable than those of its competitors, it is known as natural monopoly (Goodwin et al, 2008). The market structure of a pure monopoly is characterized by one seller in the market, the goods being sold have no substitute and there are barriers of entry into the market by other firms. In the stated case, Microsoft’s products were highly differentiated and this strengthened its market power and economic profits increased due to the imperfect

Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Government - Essay Example 2012 Republican Party of Texas (2012), Republican Party mission is to promote conservative philosophy of government by promoting conservative principles and providing the infrastructure through which the people sharing conservative values participate in the political system (3-5). On the other hand, Texas Democrats believe in democratic government that serves all the citizens indiscriminately. Considering the issues of protecting life, the Republicans believe that human life begins from fertilization to natural death while Democratic party believe that the product of joined egg and sperm has no independent status or rights. Republican Party of Texas also supports the legal marriage and moral commitment between a natural man and a natural woman unlike the Democratic Party that is opposed to other attempts to deny the freedom of same sex marriage (Sevilla Web). Additionally, Republicans consider that America is a nation under God and founded on Judeo-Christian principle but the Democrats recognize that no Texan should not be forced to live under religious doctrines to which they do not subscribe. Moreover, by looking at the school choice, the Republicans encourage maximum freedom of choice in public, private, or parochial education while Democrats oppose private school vouchers in all forms and strengthen state oversight of homeschools (â€Å"2012 Texas Democratic Party† 3-6). Republicans also oppose sex education other than abstinence until marriage while Democrats support effective, comprehensive age appropriate sex education program. Regarding health care, Republicans urge the passage of a reform that results in a more affordable healthcare including tort reform and urges immediate appeal of the â€Å"Obamacare’ while Democrats believe that health care is a right and supports the right of women to acquire contraception. In addition, Parental Rights on Education shows differences in ideologies where the Republicans assert that parents have the right and

Culture, Technology, and Expansion Assignment Essay

Culture, Technology, and Expansion Assignment - Essay Example Structures and cultural elements such as, human creations have offered social relations organization tools, relations among social systems, and a connection of environment with the social systems. The science creating a reflection of the world expansion in terms of new technologies, information and dependence, has integrated the global socio-cultural systems through civilization (Fernandez-Armesto, 2001, p. 22). Technological benefits have initiated the worldwide expansion. Over historical models, technology has successfully served societal needs tremendously. The modern society in terms of durable institutions is as a result of technology. Technology has internationalized science in which students can easily access information to get the required skills in various educational fields. Widely accessed education decreases the gap within social classes. Economic development is stipulated through new technologies. Population enriched through education initiates growth within a nation. T hrough out history, technological dynamisms have improved economic set ups of many countries. For instance, industrialization has boosted the economy of many western countries (Targowski, 2008, p. 34). In worldwide expansion, the technological progress is cost oriented. In order to attain industrialization in a given country, i.e. shifting from traditional modes of production to the current ones, hiring of machinery and skilled labor is required. Such machinery and skilled labor are expensively acquired. Modern technology requires intensive training. Cost incurred and time for training workers makes global businesses decrease their production. New modes of technology are implemented in the global education system which makes education expensive to acquire (Fernandez-Armesto, 2001, p. 29). Current expansion is affected either positively or negatively by the technology. Positively, technology ensures effectiveness and efficiency in

Behavioural and Cognitive Approaches to Learning

Behavioural and Cognitive Approaches to Learning Compare and contrast two perspectives in psychology and the ways in which they study learning. Illustrate you answer with specific research examples from Chapter 3 of Book 1. There are a number of perspectives regarding psychology that explore the nature of learning. However, for this assignment the two perspectives chosen are the behavioural approach to learning and the cognitive approach to learning. The behavioural approach to learning involves the observation of behaviour in conjunction to the environment. The behaviourist approach to category learning was introduced by Watson and expanded upon in principle by Pavlov‘s and later Skinner’s research. These formed the two general perspectives in conditioning. Classical conditioning was introduced by Pavlov (Miell et al, 2002). Pavlov observed that in relation to certain stimuli an animal’s behaviour could be manipulated through association. Using the animal’s typical response to hunger, it was indicated that there was a crucial relationship between a stimulus and a learned response. His work indicated that an animal’s natural reflex to hunger could be conditioned through an association to a manipulated neutral stimulus (Miell, 2002). This manipulated response was named the conditioned response. This relationship formed the basic premise to the concept of psychological learning from the perspective of classical conditioning. Operant conditioning introduced by Skinner suggested a notion of interactive learning rather than responsive learning. Using reinforcement, Skinner manipulated the environment of some Rats to see to what extent their behaviour could be shaped through conditioned learning which indicated levels of intelligence rather than that of pure responsive learning (Skinner, 1948/1990). The rats in his experiment changed their behaviours through techniques such as positive reinforcement. This provided evidence for the nature of learning as being one of interaction rather than purely adherence to responding to stimuli. From both of these perspectives that form the behavioural approach we can see that shaping and manipulation of the external environment as being paramount to the nature of learning. Although observable through behaviour this approach does not in any way attempt to incorporate the nature of the individual within the learning process. Contrastingly, the cognitive approach focuses entirely upon thought processes and the faculties associated with the conceptual mind to in an attempt to draw out and understand the nature of learning. The cognitive approach addresses the processes involved in categorising, generalising and conceptualising the external world and how these concepts form perspectives. The cognitive approach to learning typically concerns itself with the faculties of memory and categorisation and how they relate to perception (Miell, 2002). The role of perception with relation to memory and categorisation within learning formed the interest of the psychologist Bruner. He devised a test to measure and explore the nature by which people constructed categories. Vastly different to operant and classical conditioning, Bruner’s findings suggested that there was an intelligent procedure in operation during learning that performed by way of hypothesis testing. This was indicated as being understood through stages of either acceptance or rejection based upon an intelligent process of trial testing (Bruner et al, 1956). The experiment gave the subject a set of pictures each portraying a variety of shapes. These formed the different conditions to be measured. Some of these pictures shared the same number of shapes, some of them shared the same colour of shapes and others shared the same number of borders surrounding the shapes. In each condition the shapes were marginally different. From the findings of his experiment, Bruner suggested that there were two forms of learning that could be identified in the learning process. These were named successive and conservative scanning (Bruner et al, 1956). Successive scanning was the type of learning that used the trial process of attempting one hypothesis at a time before acceptance or rejection. Conservative scanning revealed a deeper form of learning process that categorised certain classes of type before carrying out the accepting or eliminat ing of hypotheses. The latter type of category learning is subsequently a much faster and more efficient process. However, not everyone within the field of the cognitive approach to learning accepts the notion of hypothesis testing. Many researchers and theorists related to the field have argued that categories are an innate factor and so hypothesis testing is not required in the learning process (Fodor Chomsky, 1980). The main implication in this idea is that empirical category learning may not be done with the rejection of hypothesis but with the rejection of the externally governed conceptualisation of the external world. In essence, it is suggested in this approach to cognitive learning that we may need a new conceptual model for cognitive learning theory rather than that have it depend upon the convenience of presuming hypothesis testing (Fodor Chomsky, 1980). This internal theoretic argument within the cognitive approach does strengthen the behavioural emphasis that is put on the limitations of the psychological investigation. Essentially, the conceptual structure of the mind is open to interpretation as subjectivity is so very difficult to measure. As the behaviourist approach only uses observable findings it can be said that it does not to suffer from the impracticalities of this vast theoretical debate. However, this debate regarding the operation of the mind with relation to the learning process is perhaps very worthy of investigation as ending it, and thus defining learning, as an observable behaviour is hugely reductive. In both of the approaches covered in this assignment we have seen that there is a fundamental difference in cognitive and behavioural based learning. The behavioural approaches are fundamentally interested in the nature of stimuli and how behaviour can be shaped through associative learning. Whereas the cognitive ap proach is fundamentally interested in how the conceptual mind comes to categorise the external world and thus learn from it. Although both approaches form contrasting view points both agree on the fundamental principle that learning is an essential part of psychological life that is formed in correlation to the external environment. Essentially, it can be said that both approaches are vastly different. However, it should also be said that both address the individual’s relationship to the physical world with regards to learning. Bibliography Bruner, J, S., Goodnow, J, J., and Austin, G, A., (1956) A Study of Thinking New York: John Wiley and Sons. Chomsky, N., and Fodor, J, A., (1980) Statement of the Paradox, in Piatelli Palmarini, M. (ed.). Miell, D., Phoenix, A. and Thomas, K. (2002) Mapping Psychology 1. Milton Keynes, Open University. Skinner, B, F., (1946/1990) Walden Two London: Collier Macmillan.

The Physics of Cross-Country Skiing :: physics sport sports cross country ski

Missing Figures Cross-country skiing is as much of a competitive sport, as it is a back country one. Cross-country skiing is enjoyed by people of all ages, and can be relatively inexpensive. There is no need for lift tickets and with a little maintenance equipment can last for decades. As a result of its broad audience, many people don't realize that physics plays a large role in cross-country skiing. This web page was designed to briefly describe some of the concepts behind the physics of skiing, and give a basic understanding of both the sport and the science. Friction is obviously an important factor of cross country skiing. On one hand, friction is necessary because without it a skier wouldn't be able to ski up hill or even move on flat surfaces. However, when racing, skiers prefer to have the smallest friction force working on them possible. In order to reduce the frictional forces which would slow them down, skiers wax the bottom of their skis. The types of wax which they apply to their skis have different functions. The hot wax which is applied to the entire ski reduces the friction between the ski and the snow. This allows the ski to glide on the snow and gives the skier more distance for each stride. Another type of wax is applied to the "kicker". The kicker is the area under the bindings. In other words the kicker is the area where most of the gravitational force of the skier is applied. Skiers apply a type of wax to the kicker that will cause the friction coefficient to increase. This allows skiers to be able to push off and ski uphill. In order to begin their outdoor adventure, a skier must first face the forces of static friction. Static friction is the force that keeps the skier at rest. As the skier overcomes the static friction there is a point where the coefficient of friction is greater than that of the kinetic friction that resists the skiers motion. It is clear to see this concept in the figure below. From the figure above, it is also easy to see that the kinetic friction remains almost constant for a range of speeds. This kinetic friction is the force which slows the skiers down after they start moving.

Children of the Sea by Roger Michell Essay

In â€Å"Children of the Sea†, there is a lot of pain, suffering, mischief, and sometimes happiness. Throughout the story there are many internal and external conflicts. It has to do with a lot of mixed emotions and full of lessons learned, where a boy and a girl in love write letters to each other. The main conflict in this story has to do with the Militia’s and the Radio Six Youth Group. The Militia’s were people or soldiers who were trying to take over Port-au-Prince, Haiti. The Radio Six Youth Group was young adults or teenagers who went against the Militia’s and expressed themselves through the radio. The boy in one of his letters he claimed that â€Å"It was nice to have a radio like that for a while, where we could talk about what we wanted from government, what we wanted for the future of our country.† He said this because he believed that the Macoutes were dirty mean people. Therefore the Macoutes did not like this and so they would kill an yone who was against them. In addition to this conflict, Madan Roger; Port-Au-Prince resident, the girls’ neighbor, had a son that was part of the Radio Six Youth Group. One day the Macoutes killed him and only returned his head to Madan Roger. Madan Roger was in so much agony, she was also very furious with those filthy Macoutes and so she started yelling mean and nasty things to them. The Macoutes had this thing to barge into people’s homes and make the mother and son, and the father and daughters have sexual intercourse. One afternoon the Macoutes went into Madan Rogers’ house looking for her son, but Madan Roger started yelling and screaming â€Å"You already killed him, do you want to kill him twice? Go ahead and kill me you already did the worst thing possible to me, kill me!† They started to pound on her, you can hear the guns coming down on her head, and Manman (The Mother) whispered to Papa (The Father) You can’t just let them kill her, go and give them some money like you did for your daughter Papa said that the only money he has left is to get them out of Port-Au-Prince tomorrow morning. He can’t just give up on they’re future that he has planned out for them in Ville Rose. The next day after Madan Roger was beat to death, the girl, her father and mother were finally going to leave Port-Au-Prince. â€Å"Papa did not want to go in Madan Rogers’ house and check on her before we left; he thought the soldiers might still be in there.† The girl and her mother were very sad about what happened to their neighbor, and so to show how much they care they both wrapped black cloth around their heads. Reading â€Å"Children of the Sea† made me realize that not only I have been through some difficulties in life, but so can other people; and maybe even worse. Throughout this story, I learned to appreciate more people and things in life, that you should not take anything for granted and that we should be thankful for who and what we have in our lives each and everyday.

Langston Hughes’ “Montage of a Dream Deferred” Essay

Published in 1951, Langston Hughes’ â€Å"Montage of a Dream Deferred† is a collection of poetry which explores the theme of racism and utilizes rhythm to make the pieces almost musical. The work â€Å"Harlem† quickly became one of the most popular of the anthology. Later the title was changed to â€Å"Dream Deferred†, but in analyzing the poem, it is easier to understand in context of its original title. Although the poem was popular with Hughes’ fans, who continued to appreciate the outpourings from this writer closely associated with the Harlem Renaissance, there are those who critically examined the work and found it to be too ambiguous and lacking in real poetic structure. The poem itself is comprised of a list of rhetorical questions which answer themselves. The answers are written as similes, such as â€Å"raisin in the sun† and in the last stanza, â€Å"like a heavy load† (Grimes). These similes appeal to all the senses: visual – â€Å"dry up† and â€Å"crust†¦over†, feel – â€Å"sags† and â€Å"heavy load†, auditory – â€Å"explode†, olfactory – â€Å"stink† and â€Å"fester† and â€Å"rotten meat† – and the sense of taste, as well – â€Å"syrupy sweet† and â€Å"raisin†, (Hansen). The last line â€Å"does it explode?† is a metaphor referring to the way a dream can be like a time bomb – it must be used before the time when it will detonate inside a person. Hughes employs the use of rhyme, as well, such as â€Å"sun† and â€Å"run† and â€Å"meat† and sweet†. In this way, the poem has a somewhat musical tone when spoken aloud and the short stanzas provide an easy structure. Hughes uses imagery, as well, to give the reader a clearer picture of his intent. â€Å"Raisin in the sun† is particularly evocative of an item withering away while â€Å"fester like a sore† gives the reader a grim visual and denotes the bitterness of the writer. In interpreting â€Å"Dream Deferred†, it must be taken into account that Hughes was well-noted for his scant use of words to convey the issues and circumstances most affecting Black Americans of the time period. In this case he is asking a question which means more than just its surface meaning. â€Å"What happens to a dream deferred† is referencing the dreams, the goals, the visions, most particularly of Blacks, who have been denied many of the privileges of their White counterparts. Hughes answers the question with several lines evoking imagery. â€Å"Like a raisin in the sun† is a reminder of skin, both in its dark color and wrinkled image, and could even reference days spent toiling in the sun by migrant workers working in the fields. That fact that the dream dries up could also refer to it becoming less valuable, or less viable (Grimes). During the time Hughes grew up, he could very well view a lofty dream as being impossible to attain due to his race and thus the issue of racism is once again addressed by Hughes in this poem. â€Å"Dream Deferred† also answers the question by stating the result of ignoring a dream may be for it to â€Å"fester like a sore† and â€Å"then run†. In this case, the dream, if not tended to, may become â€Å"infected† by a lack of motivation, or opportunity, or circumstance. The reference to the stink of rotten meat refers to the nurturance required to make a dream reality. Without proper preservation, a dream â€Å"may decay because it dies† (Grimes). When Hughes uses the terms of crusting over and syrupy sweet to describe a dream deferred, he makes an analogy to something which started out as a treat but becomes unusable if it is, again, not properly cared for. A dream which once held hope â€Å"hardens into an unusable substance† (Grimes). The deterioration depicted can be further assumed to be referring to the state of the Black population and Harlem itself. Hughes was worried about the â€Å"widespread poverty, drugs, and crime of the 1950s† (Mueller) and felt the society he was most familiar with was experiencing a general decay. Instead of continuing to answer the question, the second stanza gives a set of possibilities: maybe it sags, maybe it becomes a heavy load, maybe it just explodes. If working toward the dream seems impossible, it can deflate, become a burden, or perhaps it causes the dreamer to erupt due to the unrealized end to his goal. The burden can be an expression of depression, or the loss of will to make a dream come true. The explosion could occur in the form of death – not necessarily a literal death, but the death of a person’s soul, or motivations, or hope to change his life. This explosion and death also analogizes the life of Black Americans at the time. According to Hansen, â€Å"Its disintegration mirrors the continuing failure of American society to achieve harmonious integration of blacks and whites†. For so long, the race had been oppressed and the pent-up frustrations and anger of Hughes’ fellow Blacks, could very well one day explode in a burst of violence (as if often did). Hansen criticizes the unity of â€Å"Dream Deferred† by referring to it as a mass of â€Å"unresolved conflict†. According to Hansen, its elements, form, and structure are all at odds with themselves and do not follow that often prescribed for poetry of the period. He states that most of the answers Hughes gives to the question â€Å"What happens to a dream deferred?† are not declarative and the only one which is, â€Å"maybe it just sags† loses its significance because it is written without force and does not provide a conclusive answer (Hansen). Hansen also decries Hughes’ usage of stanza breaks. The middle five lines are indented, giving more weight to the first line (the question), and the last (the answer), although Hansen feels the middle lines are much more dramatic and should have been given the emphasis. As well, Hansen criticizes the structure in that the rhyming lines are not placed in logical order and thereby lose their musical resonance and the importance of the pairing of oppositions. Hansen sums up the contradictory nature of the poem and its ideas by reiterating the lack of forceful answers, the final answer which is tentative in its assertion, the division of stanzas which remove the importance of pairing opposites, and a failed rhyme scheme in â€Å"Dream Deferred†. While Hansen’s criticism of the work has its merits, there is still an important message regarding racism within Hughes’ poem, one which the author reiterated in many ways. Through the use of imagery, metaphor, and similes, many of which are uncomfortable, Hughes airs his frustrations regarding race separations. Often Hughes employed a sardonic tone to get his point across and educate the general public about the effects of racism (Mueller). Even as he began to achieve some fame and acclaim for his literary works, Hughes wanted to be known as one of the more common folk and let others of his race know that he, too, experienced their frustrations and anger. To this end, Hughes was quite successful. He, as well as his peers, had all experienced the emotions accompanying a dream which seemed impossible. Although â€Å"Dream Deferred† couches his message in rather repugnant phraseology, it is effective in bringing forth a natural fighting instinct to rail against the dictates of a racist society and this is exactly what Hughes desired to do. Works Cited Hansen, Tom. â€Å"On ‘Harlem’†. Modern American Poetry. Retrieved March 27, 2008 from the Modern American Poetry Website: http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/g_l/hughes/harlem.htm. Mueller, Michael E. â€Å"Black Biography: Langston Hughes†. From Answers.com. Retrieved March 28, 2008 from the Answers.com Website: http://www.answers.com/topic/langston-hughes-poet-writer Grimes, Linda Sue. â€Å"Hughes ‘Harlem: A Dream Deferred’: Analysis and Commentary†. Suite 101. February 1, 2007. Retrieved March 28, 2008 from the Suite 101 Website: http://poetry.suite101.com/article.cfm/hughes___harlem__a_dream_deferred_.